attoPUBLICATIONS attoCATALOG-2015/16 | Page 137

Selected Application NV-Center Based Nanomagnetometry Given its premier mechanical and thermal stability, the attoAFM/CFM is the ideal platform for nanoscale magnetic imaging employing an AFM tip with a diamond nanocrystal that contains a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center [1]-[4]. Local magnetic fields are subsequently evaluated by measuring the Zeeman shifts of the NV defect spin sublevels. In the particular case of NV-center magnetometry, an external microwave field is emitted and tuned in frequency such that local spin resonance occurs. This condition can subsequently be detected by a decrease in photoluminescence intensity of the NV-center, referred to as ODMR (optically detected magnetic resonance). Using a Lock-in and feedback loop technique allows to maintain spin resonance while rastering the sample, allowing to record a local magnetic field map with nanometer resolution. In this example, magnetic imaging of a hard disk sample with random bit orientation was performed in the group of V. Jacques at LPQM, ENS-Cachan, France. Example 1 (a,b): Quantitative imaging using ODMR based method with NV-center scanned at d1 = 250 nm above the sample. (a) Schematic of the measurement. (b) Quantitative magnetic field distribution recorded with the lockin technique (13 nm pixel size, 110 ms acquisition time per pixel). The inset shows a line-cut taken along the dashed white line in the image. Example 2 (c,d): All-optical method with NV center closer to the sample surface. (c) Schematic of the measurement. (d) All optical photoluminescence image (no microwave field applied) recorded with the NV-scanning probe magnetometer in tapping mode (8 nm pixel size, 20 ms acquisition time per pixel). Comparisons with simulations indicates that the tip surface distance is roughly d2 = 30 nm. Fine white dotted lines are plotted along the direction of the hard disk tracks as a guide for the eye. [3] References: [1] L. Rondin et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 153118 (2012) [2] L. Rondin et al., Nature Communications 4, 2279 (2013) [3] J.-P. Tetienne et al., Phys. Rev. B 87, 235436 (2013) [4] J.-P. Tetienne et al., Science 344, 1366-1369 (2014) Further reading: A. Dréau et al., Phys. Rev. B 85, 134107 (2012) J.-P. Tetienne et al., New J. Phys. 14, 103033 (2012) A. Dréau et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 060502 (2013) A. Dréau et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 137601 (2014) J.-P. Tetienne et al., Nature Communications 6, 6733 (2015) attoMICROSCOPY Sophisticated Tools for Science attoAFM /CFM PAGE 135